Sudan and South Sudan: Two Civil Wars, Two Failures of the State

Sudan and South Sudan are close to a dangerous regional crisis. However, their conflicts are not combining into one big regional civil war because their internal issues are very different and do not easily connect. Sudan’s war, which has lasted over 1,000 days since April 2023, involves the Sudanese Armed Forces, led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, fighting against the Rapid Support Forces, led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti). This is a harsh battle for control of the country, driven by personal goals, money from gold mines in Darfur, and support from other countries.

10 Conflicts to Watch in 2026

As we moved into 2026, the world is no longer merely “watching” conflicts – it is living with them. Civil war in Sudan has deepened into a regional humanitarian catastrophe, Ukraine remains locked in a war of attrition with global consequences, India-Pakistan tensions continue to cast a long shadow over South Asia and multiple theatres across Central Africa are sliding into protracted violence. This special newsletter revisits the evolving conflict landscape and examine what these wars reveal about power, governance and the fragility of the current global order and why their trajectories in 2026 matter far beyond their immediate borders.

10 Global Conflicts to Watch in 2025

In the Middle East, a chain of conflicts is taking place set off by Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel followed by the latter’s retaliation on Gaza Strip; Iran’s region wide attack through non-state proxies; and thus, setting a stage for Islamist rebels to topple the Assad’s regime, ending a half-century-old dictatorship in Syria. We also witnessed more aggression from Russia on Ukraine and thereby threatening a wider confrontation in Europe.

2024 in Review: A Roundup of all Ongoing Conflicts

In April 2023 civil war broke out between Sudan’s national army and the Rapid Support Forces, a paramilitary group. The conflict has caused a catastrophic humanitarian crisis: so far almost 30% of the country’s pre-war population of 50 million has been displaced. As 2024 began the RSF appeared to have upper hand. It had taken over much of Khartoum, the capital. Meanwhile almost all of Darfur, in the west, was under its control, though the army clung on to el-Fasher, the regional capital. The RSF’s leader, Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo even embarked on a triumphant tour of African capitals.

Christ Good Shepherd Church Attack is another example of Religious Extremism

The suburbs of Wakeley in Sydney faced a state of mayhem and disarray on Monday due to the protests caused by the attack on The Assyrian Christ Good Shepherd Church. The bishop and the priest were attacked by a 16-year-old boy during a mass that was being live-streamed. At least four people have been reported to have suffered “non-life threatening” injuries and the attacker was also hurt. This comes just two days after the mass attack in a shopping mall in Sydney. The police there is labelling this case as “Religious extremism” and thus a terrorist attack. As of now, the boy (attacker) has been hospitalised for finger injuries. The New South Wales Police took the decision of treating and investigating this case as a Terrorist attack on Tuesday.

Hamas Sets a New War in West Asia

In this issue of Guns and Bullets newsletter, we take a quick roundup of US and Saudi Arabia negotiation deal to curb civil war in Sudan followed by the Cover Story of Israel-Hamas War and finally the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict